In an elevator system, what is the primary function of the governor?

The primary function of the governor in an elevator system is to limit car speed. This safety device monitors the speed of the elevator car during operation. If the car exceeds a predetermined speed, the governor will activate a mechanism that triggers the braking system. This action helps prevent accidents due to overspeed conditions, ensuring the safe operation of the elevator. The governor contributes to overall safety by acting as a backup system that helps maintain control of the elevator's movement, particularly in the event of a malfunction.

Understanding this function clarifies why options related to traction, lifting heavy loads, or controlling the door mechanism do not accurately represent the governor's role. Each of those components serves a different aspect of the elevator system, but they do not pertain to speed regulation.