What is the function of safety gears in an elevator?

Safety gears play a crucial role in ensuring the safe operation of elevators. Their primary function is to prevent the elevator cab from falling in the event of overspeed conditions. When an elevator travels faster than its designated speed—potentially due to a mechanical failure or other issues—safety gears engage and clamp onto the guide rails, effectively halting the cab and preventing it from descending uncontrollably. This mechanism is essential for protecting the passengers and equipment within the elevator and maintaining overall safety standards.

The other options do not accurately reflect the purpose of safety gears. Increasing the elevator's speed, slowing it down during regular operation, or adjusting the load factor are functions related to different components of the elevator system, such as the drive system or control mechanisms, rather than safety gears.